全红婵在比赛中北京时间6月28日凌晨，布达佩斯游泳世锦赛的女子10米跳台决赛在紧张刺激又充满悬念的角逐中落幕。 Under construction since 2011, the GERD project is one of the largest public infrastructure projects in Ethiopia, and will be the biggest hydroelectric power plant on the African continent once finished next year.,The third phase of the filling of a massive reservoir, capable of holding up to 74 billion cubic meters of water, was completed this week, with two of the dam’s planned 16 turbines now operational. When construction is finished, the dam will be capable of generating some 6,000 megawatts of power – more than double the average output of a WER-1000 nuclear reactor.,AfricaWATCH Water Pour Over Spillway on Ethiopia’s GERD Hydroelectric Dam After Finishing Third FillingYesterday, 22:33 GMT,In a ceremony inaugurating the project on Friday, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stressed that the dam was Ethiopia’s “gift,” and that it was “Ethiopia’s responsibility to use it” together with the other two Nile Basin countries - Egypt and Sudan.,“PM @AbiyAhmedAli reiterated that Ethiopia is working to ensure the benefits of the lower basin countries, saying that our Abbay River [Ethiopia’s term for the Blue Nile, one of the two major tributaries of the Nile] takes what it deserves while passing on what others deserve,” the prime minister’s office tweeted following the ceremony.,PM @AbiyAhmedAli reiterated that Ethiopia is working to ensure the benefits of the lower basin countries, saying that our Abbay River takes what it deserves while passing on what others deserve. He also congratulated all Africans on this milestone. (2/2) pic.twitter.com/Be9WtrHczO— Office of the Prime Minister - Ethiopia (@PMEthiopia) August 12, 2022,Just Deserts,The question of which country “deserves” what has been the subject of considerable consternation and debate between the three nations, as has the dam’s potential environmental impact, with Cairo and Khartoum fearing the filling of the 145 meter tall, 1.8 km long dam could threaten the region with droughts and floods. Last month, Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry warned that Cairo would defend its interests using “all means available” at its disposal, and called on the United Nations Security Council to negotiate a legally binding agreement between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan on regulating the dam’s operation. Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi earlier called the GERD dispute a “red line” security issue.,Ethiopian Ambassador to Russia Alemayehu Tegenu dismissed these concerns, telling Sputnik last month that Egypt and Sudan were trying to “internationalize and politicize the dam to solve their internal affairs” and assuring that the dam “has no significant harm” for the downstream nations.,WorldEgypt, Sudan Politicising Renaissance Dam Construction, Ethiopian Diplomat Says27 July 2021, 08:23 GMT,Nile River: Giver of Life,Stretching some 6,695 km and covering over 3.3 million square km, the Nile is the longest river in the world, and has played a significant role in regional civilizational development going back to the Ancient Egyptians owing to the rich soil perfect for agriculture created by its annual flooding, and its use as a tool for regional river navigation. Ethiopia’s Blue Nile tributary accounts for a whopping 85 percent of the Nile’s total waters.,Egypt, which receives almost no rainfall, relies on the Nile for more than 90 percent of its freshwater, with eastern Sudan similarly dependent on the river for its economic wellbeing and water and food security.,Legacy of Colonial Meddling,Part of the difficulty of regulating the dispute over the Nile is the lack of a regional agreement regulating the waters’ flow. Addis Ababa is not a party to the 1959 bilateral treaty between Egypt and Sudan dividing the Nile’s waters.,A separate 1929 Nile Waters Treaty between Britain and its then-puppet state of Egypt, plus the territories of what are now Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Sudan provided Cairo the right to veto infrastructure projects up the Nile if they threatened to impact the country’s interests. However, that treaty similarly didn’t apply to Ethiopia, which managed to survive as the only independent nation in Africa after the European imperialist scramble for the continent in the 19th century, and which was never consulted on the agreement’s terms.,Russia’s Position,As a strategic partner of both Ethiopia and Egypt, Russia has sought to assure the dam dispute’s peaceful and mutually amenable resolution, with Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov indicating in 2021 that Moscow would be ready to provide technical assistance for any negotiations on the matter. Russia also supports the use of the African Union platform to resolve the crisis.,Also last year, Russian Ambassador to the UN Vassily Nebenzia called on the three countries to stick to the terms of the 2015 Declaration of Principles on the GERD, which urged consensus in reaching an agreement on guidelines for the dam’s filling and operation, and committing Ethiopia to avoid steps which could harm its downstream neighbors. “At the same time, we note legitimate concerns of Egypt and Sudan over the possible negative impact that unconstrained functioning of the dam may produce on the populations of those countries in drought prone years,” he said.,The 2015 agreement and efforts at the African Union and UN levels mean that a baseline for a breakthrough and compromise exists. However, amid regional and global concerns about food and water security, and the threats posed by increasingly prevalent climate disasters and extreme weather events, the GERD dispute comes during a period of heightened regional and global tensions.,In 2021, Africa and Middle East intelligence analysis group Pangea-Risk warned that an all-out water war between Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan, or their proxies was becoming increasingly probable in the face of dwindling options for a mediated solution.。最具人气的东京奥运会冠军全红婵，以0.3分最微弱的劣势输给队友陈芋汐，两人在奥运会时的名次颠倒。连同预赛、半决赛以及出征匈牙利前的两次队内测试赛，在去年奥运会、全运会上看起来还和全红婵有明显差距的陈芋汐，接连5次赢下二人对决，这绝非偶然。青春期是女子跳水运动员的发展敏感期 除了陈芋汐比赛经验丰富、性格沉稳、愈发成熟、发挥稳定等原因，全红婵的翻腾能力特别是向后翻腾能力的略略减退，是原因之一。
B | 在跳水比赛特别是女子跳台比赛中，运动员的发育对动作带来的影响比较显著。只有非常自律地和正确科学地对待这个问题，才能让跳水女运动员运动巅峰期保持得更长久一些。
C | 先从科学的角度谈谈这个问题。
D | 跳水是一个技巧性项目，对于运动员身体成分的要求很高，女子跳水特别是跳台运动员的体重控制，一直是教练和运动员自己最关注的问题。
E | 体重是身体成分的总重量，包括体脂（脂肪体重）和去脂体重（瘦体重）两部分。
F | 瘦体重与体力、有氧能力和最大吸氧量等成正相关，所以运动员要尽量减去脂肪，保持瘦体重。可是女孩子在青春期发育时，脂肪会增加，如果不控制，成绩不仅很难提升，连稳定都很难。由于相较于其他运动，跳水运动时间非常短，所以更强调的是速度、力量和协调能力的配合，尤其是下肢弹跳能力和腰腹能力。
G | 青春期是运动素质发展的敏感时期，男女有别，13岁之后区别更为明显。由于遗传、营养和运动训练等等因素，会影响青春期的进程，运动系统如肌肉、骨骼的发育，对于体能素质尤其是力量素质影响非常大。还有身高增长带来的困惑，试想一下，让全红婵和一名女篮运动员从跳台上向下翻腾，谁的翻腾周数会多一些，翻腾半径会小一些，体态会轻盈些？答案显而易见。所以身高的增长，对翻腾、转身、空中姿态、入水等必不可少的评分因素都会有着负面的影响，中国女子跳台选手都是成名较早，很多都是十三四岁左右，接下来她们就会不可避免地遇到发育和成长问题。全红婵身高明显增长5到8厘米 比起东京奥运会和陕西全运会时，全红婵的身高明显增长，虽没有确切数据，但根据前线几家国内媒体记者报道预测，增长5到8厘米是有的。为何在世锦赛上全红婵可以和陈芋汐配双人了？除了技术因素两人遥遥领先之外，个头日趋一致和般配，在同步方面显得更合拍也是原因。在去年，全红婵明显比陈芋汐、张家齐要看起来小一块。
H | 身高增长是客观存在的现实，无法去刻意压制，训练量也是科学分配的，一味加大加强训练量来抑制身体发育是不可取的。那么合理控制饮食，特别是高能量零食的摄入是必然的。这方面全红婵做得很好，因为她有一个这方面经验丰富的教练——陈若琳。女子跳台选手可以说是所有跳水项目中更迭最快的，“跳板女皇”郭晶晶可以在两个奥运周期称霸，吴敏霞可以坚持三届奥运会都有奖牌、金牌入账，但是女子跳台选手坚持两三个奥运周期，特别是还能实现在奥运会上卫冕的真是凤毛麟角。陈若琳可以把成功经验传授给小师妹 只有陈若琳做到了，她从2008年的北京一直跳到2016年的里约，拿下5枚奥运金牌。陈若琳保持体型的秘诀在于严格控制饮食，当初“坚持一年不吃晚饭”的故事广为流传，确实是存在的。训练量大，还能如此控制自己的饮食，并且用科学的方法补充能量，克服零食对女孩子的诱惑，陈若琳在自己指导教练任少芬的监督下，在自己的严格自律下还真就做到了。现在，陈若琳会把自己的经验传授给全红婵。陈芋汐在这方面做得就比较好，从16岁到17岁的重要关口，体型基本没有变化。张家齐18岁了，动作显然不如她刚成名的时候，所以只能在全红婵、陈芋汐之外出战世锦赛的非奥项目。
I | 这就是发育带来的客观结果。张家齐是生不逢时的代表，这个北京小姑娘出生在2004年，里约奥运会时太小，2017年世锦赛时她一统国内女子跳台，但因为国际泳联的规定，13岁的她无法参加世锦赛。那一年，她连夺全运会单双人女子跳台金牌，2018年世界杯冠军得主。张家齐的教练也是任少芬，在夺得世界杯冠军时她就冷静地对北青报记者分析过，担心小家齐的发育问题，并明确指出，她到时能参加奥运会就是好的。果然，任少芬指导的话都应验了。2019年的光州世锦赛，14岁的陈芋汐替代张家齐的主力位置。要不是奥运会延期，张家齐会在单人女子跳台上参赛，和陈芋汐争一争冠军。结果晚一年，天赋异禀的全红婵横空出世，张家齐只能参加双人赛。一茬一茬的好苗子在女台领域涌现，中国跳水人才辈出是一方面原因，发育给运动员带来的不利影响也是重要因素。小巧、轻盈，永远是女台选手得天独厚的优势，中国跳水队在选材方面非常注重。所以说在发育期刻苦勤奋训练的同时，对身体成长、饮食方面的控制同样重要。以中国跳水特别是女子跳台跳水的发展来看，大家喜爱全红婵和陈芋汐是必然的，但要说距离巴黎奥运会还有两年，这中间如果再杀出一位天才小姑娘，取而代之她们其中一位，绝不是意外。
J | 中国跳水队首先要保证以派出水平最高的选手去参加世界大赛为基准。全红婵和陈芋汐要想“永葆青春”，就必须要有艰苦的付出，做到常人难以做到的自律才行。
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